Run this command to create a debug profile from your default profile:
cp ~/.conan/profiles/default ~/.conan/profiles/debug && sed -i -e 's/Release/Debug/g' ~/.conan/profiles/debug
Example output from conan profile show debug:
[settings] os=Linux os_build=Linux arch=x86_64 arch_build=x86_64 compiler=gcc compiler.version=9 compiler.libcxx=libstdc++ build_type=Debug [options] [conf] [build_requires] [env]