When using Arduino, you often want to print the hex value of a 16-bit value such as a uint16_t, consisting of four hex digits. For example, if you have uint16_t val = 2022;, you intend to print 07E6.
In Arduino you can do that using Serial.printf() with %04x as format specifier.
Furthermore, you typically want to invert the byte order of the uint16_t using __builtin_bswap16()since it’s more inuitive to write the hex value MSB-first (big-endian) while most hardware platforms represent the uint16_t as LSB-first (little-endian):
Serial.printf("val = %04x\r\n", __builtin_bswap16(val));
When using printf, %x means to format the value as hex. 04 means to pad the value with 0s up to a length of 4 digits. If you would format 2022 using just %x, it would print 7E6 instead of 07E5. This is why you need to use %04x instead.