How to run PlatformIO build & upload from the command line

First, activate the PlatformIO virtual environment which will give you access to the pio script:

source ~/.platformio/penv/bin/activate

Now, if you have - for example - an environment called esp32dev listed in platformio.ini:

[env:esp32dev]
platform = espressif32
board = esp32dev
framework = arduino

you can build & upload using the following code:

pio run -e esp32dev -t upload

You can also combine both commands (the virtual env activation and the pio run command) into a single line of shell script:

source ~/.platformio/penv/bin/activate && pio run -e esp32dev -t upload