You can configure PlatformIO to use the LittleFS filesystem as opposed to the default SPIFFS using
board_build.filesystem = littlefs
If you are ussing arduino-esp32, you might also need to specify to use a recent arduino-esp32 framework version, but I suggest to first try it out without using that option:
platform_packages = framework-arduinoespressif32 @ https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32.git#2.0.5
Full platformio.ini example
[env:esp32dev] platform = espressif32 platform_packages = framework-arduinoespressif32 @ https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32.git#2.0.5 board = esp32dev framework = arduino board_build.filesystem = littlefs monitor_speed = 115200