How to generate PWM output representing a sine wave on the ESP32 (Arduino/PlatformIO)

The following function will compute the value of a sine wave using micros() as a timebase, with adjustable frequency. It is hardcoded to expect a 12 bit resolution PWM

/**
 * @brief Calculate the PWM duty cycle (assuming 12 bits resolution) of a sine wave of
 * given frequency. micros() is used as a timebase
 * 
 * @param frequency The frequency in Hz
 * @return int the corresponding 12-bit PWM value
 */
int sinePWMValue(float frequency) {
  unsigned long currentMicros = micros(); // get the current time in microseconds

  // calculate the sine wave value for the current time
  int sineValue = 2048 + 2047 * sin(2 * PI * currentMicros / (1000000 / frequency));
  return sineValue;
}

Based on this, we can use the basic code of our previous post ESP32 minimal Arduino PWM output example (PlatformIO) to generate a 1Hz sine wave (represented by a 10kHz PWM):

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <driver/ledc.h>

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);

    ledcSetup(LEDC_CHANNEL_0, 10000 /* Hz */, 12);

    ledcAttachPin(GPIO_NUM_14, LEDC_CHANNEL_0);
    ledcWrite(LEDC_CHANNEL_0, 2048); // 50%
}

/**
 * @brief Calculate the PWM duty cycle (assuming 12 bits resolution) of a sine wave of
 * given frequency. micros() is used as a timebase
 * 
 * @param frequency The frequency in Hz
 * @return int the corresponding 12-bit PWM value
 */
int sinePWMValue(float frequency) {
  unsigned long currentMicros = micros(); // get the current time in microseconds

  // calculate the sine wave value for the current time
  int sineValue = 2048 + 2047 * sin(2 * PI * currentMicros / (1000000 / frequency));
  return sineValue;
}

void loop() {
    // Example of how to change the duty cycle to 25%
    ledcWrite(LEDC_CHANNEL_0, sinePWMValue(1.0));
}