According to the footnotes of Table C.1 in ISO 13849-1 (Annex C), B10D can be estimated from B10 as:
$$B_{10D} = 2 \cdot B_{10}$$This default factor of 2 assumes that 50 % of failures are dangerous failures, and it applies only if no other information is available — e.g. from a product standard.
Important: If a product standard is available for the component and specifies another method for determining B10D — for example a different factor instead of the default 2 — that method must be used instead of the generic estimate above.
Source: ISO 13849-1:2023, Annex C, Table C.1, NOTE 2
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