In order to automatically mount CIFS on boot of an Alpine Linux instance, use a line like this in /etc/fstab:
//1.2.3.4/mydrive /mydrive cifs uid=1000,gid=1000,credentials=/root/.smb-credentials,iocharset=utf8,noperm 0 0
with a standard /root/.smb-credentials like this:
user=myuser password=raatahteiC1veiza8ahno8lu5quook
and run the following command to enable automount on boot:
rc-update add netmount boot
After a reboot, the filesystem should mount automatically.
When running sudo apt update you see the following error message:
Err:14 https://ocean.surfshark.com/debian stretch InRelease The following signatures were invalid: EXPKEYSIG 1DB7590E83C8F643 Surfshark package maintainer <[email protected]>
Install the updated Surfshark package by pasting the following into your shell (as shown on the Surfshark help page):
curl -f https://downloads.surfshark.com/linux/debian-install.sh --output surfshark-install.sh cat surfshark-install.sh sh surfshark-install.sh
After that, the error should be fixed and you can run
sudo apt update
again.
BUP is a nice git-based backup tool that is both free and easy to use and saves space by differential backups.
You can also use bup to backup a MySQL database using mysqldump directly instead of first dumping to a .sql file and then backing up the file.
This is possible by piping the mysqldump output directly into bup split:
mysqldump [...]| bup -d $BUP_DIR split -n mysqldump.sql
By using -n mysqldump.sql you are telling bup that the file created by the dumping should be named mysqldump.sql in the backup.
export BUP_DIR=/var/lib/bup/mysql.bup
export MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD=piahaen9ehilei0Ieneirohthue4Iu
bup -d $BUP_DIR init
mysqldump -uroot -p${MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD} --all-databases | bup -d $BUP_DIR split -n mysqldump.sql
If you’ve added a wg-quick config, e.g. /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf, you can enable autostarting it on system boot using systemd:
sudo systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wg0
If you have started Wireguard with this config manually before, you need to shut it down first or systemd will not be able to start it !
I have setup my FreePBX to use network_mode: 'host' but faced issues when it couldn’t connect to the MariaDB container which was not using network_mode: 'host'.
I fixed this by:
network_mode: 'host'127.0.0.1 (DB_HOST=127.0.0.1). Setting it to localhost did NOT allow FreePBX to connect to MariaDB!WebFig is the Web UI for MikroTik RouterOS routers. When people say to use WebFig for a given task, this typically means to not use the MikroTik terminal.
Use these commands to add all RFC1918 networks to a MikroTik RouterOS IP address list:
/ip firewall address-list add address=10.0.0.0/8 list=RFC1918 /ip firewall address-list add address=172.16.0.0/12 list=RFC1918 /ip firewall address-list add address=192.168.0.0/16 list=RFC1918
RFC1918 defines the following networks as private address spaces:
1.0.0.0/8172.16.0.0/12192.168.0.0/16If you want to add a MikroTik Address List e.g. for use in firewall rules like this:
you see an error message like
Couldn't add New Firewall Address List - 192.168.0.0/24,10.0.0.0/8 is not a valid dns name (6)
You can’t add multiple addresses to an address list at once. The way to add multiple addresses to an address list is to create multiple entries with the same Name.
See our detailed guide on How to add multiple addresses to MikroTik RouterOS address list using WebFig for more details on how to achieve that in WebFig.
If you are trying to create a MikroTik firewall address list using WebFig (in IP/Firewall), you will see that you can’t just add multiple addresses in the Address field:
First, add the first address like this:
This will look like this in the Address List view:
Then, add another address with the same name (the comment can be different if you want). You can also select the name using the dropdown for the Name field.
This will look like this in the Address List view:
Our RFC1918 list will now identify both networks 10.0.0.0/8 and 192.168.0.0/16.
I recommend this service:
mariadb:
image: mariadb:latest
environment:
- MYSQL_DATABASE=servicename
- MYSQL_USER=servicename
- MYSQL_PASSWORD=${MARIADB_PASSWORD}
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=${MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD}
volumes:
- ./mariadb_data:/var/lib/mysql
command: --default-storage-engine innodb
restart: unless-stopped
healthcheck:
test: mysqladmin -p${MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD} ping -h localhost
interval: 20s
start_period: 10s
timeout: 10s
retries: 3
(replace servicename by the name of your service, e.g. kimai, redmine, …) and this .env:
MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD=eiNgam3woh4ahTee4chi9vohvauk6a MARIADB_PASSWORD=shahb4alubei5Vie8arahhok2morae
You can also easily generate these passwords by using:
echo -e "MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(pwgen 30 1)\nMARIADB_PASSWORD=$(pwgen 30 1)" > .env
When compiling Marlin for simulation, you see an error message like
Error: Build environment 'linux_native' is incompatible with BOARD_RAMPS_14_EFB. Use one of these: mega2560, mega1280
Open Marlin/Configuration.h and change the line
#ifndef MOTHERBOARD #define MOTHERBOARD BOARD_RAMPS_14_EFB #endif
to use the BOARD_LINUX_RAMPS board:
// Choose the name from boards.h that matches your setup #ifndef MOTHERBOARD #define MOTHERBOARD BOARD_LINUX_RAMPS #endif
Even if the error message shows that you should use mega2560 or mega1280, you need to use BOARD_LINUX_RAMPS!
Use
asterisk -rx "[command]"
to run an Asterisk command (-x) in an already running Asterisk server (-r), for example:
asterisk -rx "core restart now"
This tutorial will show how to restart the Asterisk service in FreePBX.
First, you need to install the Asterisk CLI module. In order to do that, login to your FreePBX admin panel and click at the Admin -> Module Admin menu entry.
After the module is installed, open Admin -> Asterisk CLI
Now enter one of the following commands
core restart now
This is typically used while setting up the PBX
core restart gracefully
Asterisk will restart when all ongoing calls have been finished
core restart when convenient
Asterisk will restart at the first opportunity when no calls are in progress
This script uses bupto backup your docker-compose based redmine installation to a local bup folder e.g. in /var/lib/bup/my-redmine.bup:
#!/bin/bash
# Auto-determine the name from the directory name
# /opt/my-redmine => $NAME=my-redmine => /var/lib/bup/my-redmine.bup
export NAME=$(basename $(pwd))
export BUP_DIR=/var/lib/bup/$NAME.bup
bup_directory() {
echo "BUPing $1"
bup -d $BUP_DIR index $1 && bup save -9 --strip-path $(pwd) -n $1 $1
}
# Init
bup -d $BUP_DIR init
# Save MariaDB
source .env && docker-compose exec -T mariadb mysqldump -uroot -p${MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD} --all-databases | bup -d $BUP_DIR split -n $NAME-mariadb.sql
# Save directories
bup_directory redmine_data
bup_directory redmine_themes
# Backup self
bup_directory backup.sh
bup_directory docker-compose.yml
# OPTIONAL: Add par2 information
# This is only recommended for backup on unreliable storage or for extremely critical backups
# If you already have bitrot protection (like BTRFS with regular scrubbing), this might be overkill.
# Uncomment this line to enable:
# bup fsck -g
# OPTIONAL: Cleanup old backups
bup -d $BUP_DIR prune-older --keep-all-for 1m --keep-dailies-for 6m --keep-monthlies-for forever -9 --unsafe
It will backup:
mysqldumpredmine_data folderredmine_themes folderbackup.sh itselfdocker-compose.ymlPlace it in the same folder where docker-compose.yml is located.
The script is compatible with our previous post How to create a systemd backup timer & service in 10 seconds
The following configuration specifies an SSH key and username to login to a specific machine.
Host 192.168.1.215 User uli IdentityFile /home/uli/.ssh/id_bup IdentitiesOnly yes
After you have copied it to ~/.ssh/config, you can just
ssh 192.168.1.215
to the machine, without specifying key or user name
When running bup using the bup remote functionality, e.g. using
bup init -r 192.168.1.215:/var/bup
you see these error messages:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/bup-init", line 45, in <module>
cli = client.Client(argv_bytes(opt.remote), create=True)
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/../bup/client.py", line 108, in __init__
self._available_commands = self._get_available_commands()
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/../bup/client.py", line 181, in _get_available_commands
raise ClientError('unexpected help header ' + repr(line))
bup.client.ClientError: unexpected help header b''
Exception ignored in: <function Client.__del__ at 0x7fa7d7e2bb80>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/../bup/client.py", line 122, in __del__
self.close()
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/../bup/client.py", line 147, in close
raise ClientError('server tunnel returned exit code %d' % rv)
bup.client.ClientError: server tunnel returned exit code 255You need to accept the remote host key and setup passwordless login, else bup won’t be able to connect to the host using SSH.
Just SSH to the host without username (since bup will not use an explicit username either):
ssh 192.168.1.215
If you see a prompt like
The authenticity of host '10.11.12.15 (10.11.12.15)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ZaIJ51uHwI9Q3i/CKdjF3Erwt27CjQqa4YL45UV5rwM. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])?
enter yes and press return.
If you see a password prompt, you have not setup SSH correctly.
I use the following ~/.ssh/config on the bup client:
Host 192.168.1.215 User bup IdentityFile /home/uli/.ssh/id_bup IdentitiesOnly yes
and I have copy-&-pasted the content of /home/uli/.ssh/id_bup.pub to /home/bup/.ssh/authorized_keys on the bup server in order to setup passwordless login.
When running bup using the bup remote function, e.g.
bup init -r 192.168.1.215:/var/bup
you see an error like
sh: bup: not found
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/bup-init", line 45, in <module>
cli = client.Client(argv_bytes(opt.remote), create=True)
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/../bup/client.py", line 108, in __init__
self._available_commands = self._get_available_commands()
File "/usr/lib/bup/cmd/../bup/client.py", line 181, in _get_available_commands
raise ClientError('unexpected help header ' + repr(line))
bup.client.ClientError: unexpected help header b''First, login using SSH to your server and check if bup is installed by running
bup
Example output:
Usage: bup [-?|--help] [-d BUP_DIR] [--debug] [--profile] <command> [options...]
Common commands:
fsck Check backup sets for damage and add redundancy information
ftp Browse backup sets using an ftp-like client
fuse Mount your backup sets as a filesystem
[...]If that works, you need to ensure bup is located at /usr/bin/bup !
Run
which bup
to find out where bup is located.
If, for example, it’s at /usr/local/bin/bup, you need to symlink it to /usr/bin/bup:
ln -sf /usr/local/bin/bup /usr/bin/bup
I recommend to use Python 3.x since Python 2.x is deprecated!
The python3-dev apk package provides /usr/bin/python3-config, so you’ll have to symlink that to /usr/bin/python-config:
apk update apk add python3-dev ln -sf /usr/bin/python3-config /usr/bin/python-config
Just install python2-dev, which installs /usr/bin/python-config
apk update apk add python2-dev
DTMF – also called tone dialling – is when a phone number is being dialled by tones at a specific frequency. Each number key on the phone is assigned a combination of two specific tones that are played when the key is being pressed.
DTMF is a newer version of dialing over analog lines, compared to the older pulse dialing method.
DTMF playback controls, if your phone plays the characteristic tone for each.
If DTMF playback is enabled, every time you press a number key on your phone, you will hear the characteristic tone for that key.
If DTMF playback is disabled, you will not hear a DTMF tone while pressing the number keys on your phone.