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如何修复 /usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules 中的 NodeJS / NPM TypeError: Class extends value undefined is not a constructor or null

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问题：

当你尝试运行任何 npm 命令如 npm start 时，你看到类似这样的错误消息

error.txt
/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/lib/es6/validate-engines.js:31
    throw err
    ^

TypeError: Class extends value undefined is not a constructor or null
    at Object.<anonymous> (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/fs-minipass/lib/index.js:136:4)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1233:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1287:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1091:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:938:12)
    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1115:19)
    at require (node:internal/modules/helpers:119:18)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/usr/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/cacache/lib/content/read.js:4:13)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1233:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1287:10)

解决方案

这是 npm 或 npm 所需包的内部错误。通常由 NodeJS 和 npm 的不完整更新引起，导致 npm 或其依赖项处于损坏状态。

解决方案是重新安装 NodeJS：

uninstall_node.sh
sudo apt remove nodejs
backup_node_modules.sh
sudo mv /usr/lib/node_modules ~/node_modules_backup
install_node.sh
sudo apt -y install nodejs
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