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如何修复 cargo 崩溃：error: failed to run custom build command for `hdf5-sys v0.8.1`

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问题

在执行 cargo build 或 cargo run 时，你会看到类似如下的错误信息：

cargo-hdf5-sys-error.txt
error: failed to run custom build command for `hdf5-sys v0.8.1`

Caused by:
  process didn't exit successfully: `/home/uli/dev/Versatile/RustyMatrix/target/debug/build/hdf5-sys-555129b7288a757c/build-script-build` (exit status: 101)
  --- stdout
  Attempting to find HDF5 via pkg-config...
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HDF5_NO_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HDF5_STATIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HDF5_DYNAMIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_ALL_STATIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_ALL_DYNAMIC
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=HOST_PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR
  cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR

  --- stderr

  thread 'main' (963963) panicked at /home/uli/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/hdf5-sys-0.8.1/build.rs:548:13:
  Unable to locate HDF5 root directory and/or headers.
  note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
warning: build failed, waiting for other jobs to finish...

解决方案

你的 Rust 项目依赖 hdf5-sys crate，而该 crate 又依赖系统的 hdf5 库。

虽然你可以通过 sudo apt -y install libhdf5-dev 来安装它，但根据你的 Ubuntu 版本，可能会安装一个 hdf5-sys crate 不支持的版本。

因此，我建议修改你的 Cargo.toml，显式启用 static feature，直接编译一个兼容版本的 libhdf5。

Cargo.toml
hdf5 = "0.8.1"
hdf5-sys = { version = "0.8.1", features = ["static"] }

之后，你可以重新运行 cargo 命令。

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