In the autogenerated main.c, use the following while() loop:
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LD1_GPIO_Port, LD1_Pin, GPIO_PIN_SET);
HAL_Delay(1000);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LD1_GPIO_Port, LD1_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */On STM32H7 Nucleo boards, this will toggle the green LED.
This class performs averaging with a fixed time window (variable number of values).
From the platform, it only needs some method to get the current time. This code contains implementations for both ESP-IDF and Arduino
#pragma once
#include <optional>
// Find the correct driver
#ifdef ARDUINO
#include <Arduino.h>
#define TTAA_GETTIME_MILLIS millis()
#elif defined(IDF_VER) && !defined(ARDUINO)
#include <esp_timer.h>
#define TTAA_GETTIME_MILLIS esp_timer_get_time() / 1000
#else
#error "Could not determine how to get the current time (Arduino or ESP-IDF)"
#endif
/**
* @brief This class is designed to accumulate and average values over a specified time threshold.
*
* The class is templated to allow accumulation of different numerical types, defaulting to float. It uses the Arduino `millis()`
* function to track elapsed time, automatically calculating the average of accumulated values once the predefined time threshold is reached.
* The `add()` method adds a new value to the accumulation, returning the average as a `std::optional<T>` when the threshold is reached,
* and `std::nullopt` otherwise. The `lastAverage()` method allows retrieval of the last calculated average at any time.
*/
template<typename T = float>
class TimeThresholdAccumulatingAverager {
public:
/**
* Constructs a new TimeThresholdAccumulatingAverager object.
*
* @param threshold The time threshold in milliseconds over which to accumulate and average values.
*/
TimeThresholdAccumulatingAverager(unsigned long threshold) : _threshold(threshold), _startTime(TTAA_GETTIME_MILLIS), _sum(), _count() {}
/**
* Adds a value to the accumulator. If the time threshold has been reached,
* calculates and returns the average of the accumulated values since the last threshold reset.
* Resets the accumulator for the next period if the threshold is reached.
*
* The given value is not added to the current average if the threshold has been
* exceeded. It is automatically added to the next period's average.
*
* @param value The value to add to the accumulator.
* @return std::optional<T> The average of accumulated values if the threshold is reached, otherwise std::nullopt.
*/
std::optional<T> add(T value) {
unsigned long currentTime = TTAA_GETTIME_MILLIS;
if (currentTime - _startTime >= _threshold) {
// Time threshold exceeded. Calculcate average
T average = _count > 0 ? _sum / static_cast<T>(_count) : 0;
_lastCount = _count;
// Reset sum & count to zero, but add the current value immediatey
_sum = value;
_count = 1;
_startTime = currentTime;
_lastAverage = average;
return average;
} else { // Time threshold not exceeded
_sum += value;
_count++;
return std::nullopt;
}
}
/**
* Returns the average of the last completed accumulation period.
*
* @return T The average value of the last completed period.
*/
inline T lastAverage() const {
return _lastAverage;
}
/**
* Returns the count value of the last completed accumulation period.
*
* @return The last count value.
*/
inline unsigned int lastCount() const {
return _lastCount;
}
private:
unsigned long _threshold;
unsigned long _startTime;
T _sum;
int _count = 0;
T _lastAverage = 0;
unsigned int _lastCount = 0;
};#include <optional>
#include <iostream>
#include "TimeThresholdAccumulatingAverager.hpp"
int main() {
TimeThresholdAccumulatingAverager<float> averager(1000); // 1 second threshold
while (true) {
float newValue = acquireValue(); // Pseudocode for acquiring a new value
auto maybeAverage = averager.add(newValue);
if (maybeAverage.has_value()) {
std::cout << "Average over threshold period: " << average.value() << std::endl;
}
// Add a delay or wait for a real new value in a real application
delay(10);
}
}
This example configures ADC1 to read a 16 bit analog value of PA7 using a polled loop. The serial output is available on the STLink header.
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <stm32h7xx_hal.h>
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
// Enable the GPIOA clock
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
/**ADC1 GPIO Configuration
PA7 ------> ADC1_IN7
*/
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_7;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV4;
hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_16B;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;
hadc1.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_NONE;
//hadc1.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_OVERWRITTEN;
hadc1.Init.OversamplingMode = DISABLE;
if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
{
// Initialization Error
}
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_7;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_2CYCLES_5;
sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;
sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;
sConfig.Offset = 0;
if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
// Channel Configuration Error
}
}
void setup() {
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_ADC1_Init();
Serial.begin(115200);
}
void loop() {
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1); // Start ADC conversion
HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, HAL_MAX_DELAY); // Wait for conversion to complete
uint32_t adcValue = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1); // Read the ADC converted value
Serial.printf("ADC value: %04X\n", adcValue);
}[env:nucleo_h743zi] platform = ststm32 board = nucleo_h743zi framework = arduino monitor_speed = 115200
Example output (unconnected):
ADC value: 04B6 ADC value: 049C ADC value: 04AC ADC value: 04AE ADC value: 0497 ADC value: 04AF ADC value: 04A7 ADC value: 04C6 ADC value: 0491 ADC value: 04A1 ADC value: 04AF ADC value: 0493 ADC value: 0497 ADC value: 04AF ADC value: 04A3 ADC value: 047D ADC value: 04C1 ADC value: 04B1 ADC value: 04AF ADC value: 0498 ADC value: 04A1 ADC value: 04C3 ADC value: 04AE ADC value: 04AC ADC value: 0489 ADC value: 0491 ADC value: 0491 ADC value: 047E ADC value: 04B8 ADC value: 0494 ADC value: 04A5 ADC value: 0491 ADC value: 0494 ADC value: 048A ADC value: 0499 ADC value: 0494 ADC value: 049E
This Arduino/PlatformIO firmware outputs 50% duty cycle PWM at different frequencies on multiple pins using the LEDC PWM driver, utilizing all four timers:
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <driver/ledc.h>
void setup() {
ledc_timer_config_t ledc_timer1 = {
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.duty_resolution = LEDC_TIMER_1_BIT,
.timer_num = LEDC_TIMER_0,
.freq_hz = 10000,
.clk_cfg = LEDC_AUTO_CLK
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_timer_config(&ledc_timer1));
ledc_timer_config_t ledc_timer2 = {
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.duty_resolution = LEDC_TIMER_1_BIT,
.timer_num = LEDC_TIMER_1,
.freq_hz = 100000,
.clk_cfg = LEDC_AUTO_CLK
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_timer_config(&ledc_timer2));
ledc_timer_config_t ledc_timer3 = {
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.duty_resolution = LEDC_TIMER_1_BIT,
.timer_num = LEDC_TIMER_2,
.freq_hz = 500000,
.clk_cfg = LEDC_AUTO_CLK
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_timer_config(&ledc_timer3));
ledc_timer_config_t ledc_timer4 = {
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.duty_resolution = LEDC_TIMER_1_BIT,
.timer_num = LEDC_TIMER_3,
.freq_hz = 1000000,
.clk_cfg = LEDC_AUTO_CLK
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_timer_config(&ledc_timer4));
/**
* @brief Configure LEDC output channels
*/
ledc_channel_config_t ledc1 = {
.gpio_num = GPIO_NUM_10,
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_0,
.intr_type = LEDC_INTR_DISABLE,
.timer_sel = LEDC_TIMER_0,
.duty = 1, // Set duty to 50%
.hpoint = 0
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_channel_config(&ledc1));
ledc_channel_config_t ledc2 = {
.gpio_num = GPIO_NUM_11,
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_1,
.intr_type = LEDC_INTR_DISABLE,
.timer_sel = LEDC_TIMER_1,
.duty = 1, // Set duty to 50%
.hpoint = 0
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_channel_config(&ledc2));
ledc_channel_config_t ledc3 = {
.gpio_num = GPIO_NUM_12,
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_2,
.intr_type = LEDC_INTR_DISABLE,
.timer_sel = LEDC_TIMER_2,
.duty = 1, // Set duty to 50%
.hpoint = 0
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_channel_config(&ledc3));
ledc_channel_config_t ledc4 = {
.gpio_num = GPIO_NUM_13,
.speed_mode = LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE,
.channel = LEDC_CHANNEL_3,
.intr_type = LEDC_INTR_DISABLE,
.timer_sel = LEDC_TIMER_3,
.duty = 1, // Set duty to 50%
.hpoint = 0
};
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ledc_channel_config(&ledc4));
}
void loop() {
// Nothing to do here
delay(1000);
}
This basic example showcases how to use PlatformIO with ESP-IDF only (no Arduino) to connect to Wifi in station mode and print Hello world in a loop. It is based on the basic Hello World example from PlatformIO ESP32 with ESP-IDF minimal C++ example:
#include <cstdio>
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/task.h>
#include <esp_wifi.h>
#include <esp_log.h>
#include <nvs_flash.h>
#include <esp_netif.h>
#include <esp_event.h>
extern "C" {
void app_main(void);
}
static void NetworkEventHandler(void* arg, esp_event_base_t event_base,
int32_t event_id, void* event_data) {
if (event_base == WIFI_EVENT && event_id == WIFI_EVENT_STA_START) {
esp_wifi_connect();
} else if (event_base == WIFI_EVENT && event_id == WIFI_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED) {
esp_wifi_connect();
ESP_LOGI("wifi", "Retrying to connect to Wifi...");
} else if (event_base == IP_EVENT && event_id == IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP) {
ip_event_got_ip_t* event = (ip_event_got_ip_t*) event_data;
ESP_LOGI("wifi", "got ip:" IPSTR, IP2STR(&event->ip_info.ip));
}
}
void InitNVS() {
// Initialize NVS
esp_err_t ret = nvs_flash_init();
if (ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES || ret == ESP_ERR_NVS_NEW_VERSION_FOUND) {
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_erase());
ret = nvs_flash_init();
}
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(ret);
}
void InitWifi() {
// Initialize TCP/IP network interface (required for Wi-Fi)
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
// Initialize the event loop
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
esp_netif_create_default_wifi_sta();
// Initialize Wi-Fi
wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));
// Set Wi-Fi to station mode
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA));
// Configure the Wi-Fi connection
wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
.sta = {
.ssid = "MyWifi",
.password = "mypassword"
}
};
// Register event handler
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_register(WIFI_EVENT,
ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID,
&NetworkEventHandler,
NULL,
NULL));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_instance_register(IP_EVENT,
IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP,
&NetworkEventHandler,
NULL,
NULL));
// Set Wi-Fi configuration and start Wi-Fi
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(WIFI_IF_STA, &wifi_config));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start());
}
void app_main() {
InitNVS();
InitWifi();
while(true) {
printf("Hello PlatformIO!\n");
// Wait for one second
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
}[env:esp32dev] platform = espressif32 board = esp32dev framework = espidf monitor_speed = 115200
All sdkconfig settings have been left at their respective defaults.
By default, when you initialize a PlatformIO ESP-IDF project, it will generate main.c – not a C++ but a pure C file
This minimal example instead uses main.cpp (you can just rename your main.c – see How to use C++ main.cpp with PlatformIO on ESP32 / esp-idf for a detailed list of steps to do).
#include <cstdio>
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/task.h>
extern "C" {
void app_main(void);
}
void app_main() {
while(true) {
printf("Hello PlatformIO!\n");
// Wait for one second
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
}
When you are using PlatformIO to compile your firmware, it is easily possible to use a C++ main.cpp instead of the pure C main.c by just renaming main.c to main.cpp
However, you also need to properly declary app_main(). After the #include section of your main.cpp (or at the top of the file if you don’t have an #include section yet), add this code:
extern "C" {
void app_main(void);
}
This will tell the compiler that app_main() is a C function, not a C++ function.
main.cpp example#include <cstdio>
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/task.h>
extern "C" {
void app_main(void);
}
void app_main() {
while(true) {
printf("Hello PlatformIO!\n");
// Wait for one second
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
}
}
While trying to compile your ESP-IDF firmware (with or without PlatformIO), you see an error message such as
src/main.cpp:13:27: error: 'portTICK_PERIOD_MS' was not declared in this scope 13 | vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
Include FreeRTOS by adding the following lines to the top of the file where the error occured (src/main.cpp in this example):
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h> #include <freertos/task.h>
While trying to compile your ESP-IDF firmware (with or without PlatformIO), you see an error message such as
src/main.cpp:13:9: error: 'vTaskDelay' was not declared in this scope 13 | vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
Include FreeRTOS by adding the following lines to the top of the file where the error occured (src/main.cpp in this example):
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h> #include <freertos/task.h>
In our previous post ESP32 RMT pulse generation minimal example using Arduino & PlatformIO using the RMT peripheral. The pulses have a steady state (off state) of 0V and a pulse voltage of 3.3V.
If we want to generate inverted pulses, we have to invert the level entries in the pulseRMT array:
static const rmt_item32_t pulseRMT[] = {
{{{
/*pulse duration=*/100, /*pulse level*/0,
// After pulse, output 1
0, 1
}}},
};
and additionally configure the RMT output when the pulse is finished using
config.tx_config.idle_level = RMT_IDLE_LEVEL_HIGH; config.tx_config.idle_output_en = true;
This is how the pulse looks like:
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <esp_log.h>
#include <driver/rmt.h>
// Output pulse train on D14
constexpr gpio_num_t rmtPin = GPIO_NUM_14;
constexpr rmt_channel_t RMT_TX_CHANNEL = RMT_CHANNEL_0;
static const rmt_item32_t pulseRMT[] = {
{{{
/*pulse duration=*/100, /*pulse level*/0,
// After pulse, output 1
0, 1
}}},
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
rmt_config_t config = RMT_DEFAULT_CONFIG_TX(rmtPin, RMT_TX_CHANNEL);
config.clk_div = 80; // input clock 80 MHz => output clk 1 MHz
config.tx_config.idle_level = RMT_IDLE_LEVEL_HIGH;
config.tx_config.idle_output_en = true;
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_config(&config));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_driver_install(config.channel, 0, 0));
}
void loop() {
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_write_items(RMT_TX_CHANNEL, pulseRMT, sizeof(pulseRMT) / sizeof(rmt_item32_t), true));
delay(10);
}
[env:esp32dev] platform = espressif32 board = esp32dev framework = arduino monitor_speed = 115200
The following example will generate 100us pulses every 10ms. The pulses are generated using the RMT peripheral.
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <esp_log.h>
#include <driver/rmt.h>
// Output pulse train on D14
constexpr gpio_num_t rmtPin = GPIO_NUM_14;
constexpr rmt_channel_t RMT_TX_CHANNEL = RMT_CHANNEL_0;
static const rmt_item32_t pulseRMT[] = {
{{{
/*pulse duration=*/100, /*pulse level*/1,
// After pulse, output 0
0, 0
}}},
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
rmt_config_t config = RMT_DEFAULT_CONFIG_TX(rmtPin, RMT_TX_CHANNEL);
config.clk_div = 80; // input clock 80 MHz => output clk 1 MHz
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_config(&config));
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_driver_install(config.channel, 0, 0));
}
void loop() {
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(rmt_write_items(RMT_TX_CHANNEL, pulseRMT, sizeof(pulseRMT) / sizeof(rmt_item32_t), true));
delay(10);
}
[env:esp32dev] platform = espressif32 board = esp32dev framework = arduino monitor_speed = 115200
Typically, you would add a PlatformIO library dependency by adding the following to platformio.ini:
lib_deps =
bblanchon/ArduinoJson@^6.21.3but you can also add a git repository (the following example uses the main branch such as master or main):
lib_deps =
https://github.com/ulikoehler/HumanESPHTTP.gitor you can use a specific branch or tag
lib_deps =
https://github.com/ulikoehler/HumanESPHTTP.git#v1.0.0
/home/uli/.platformio/packages/[email protected]+2021r2-patch5/bin/../lib/gcc/xtensa-esp32-elf/8.4.0/../../../../xtensa-esp32-elf/bin/ld: .pio/build/esp32dev/libFrameworkArduino.a(main.cpp.o):(.literal._Z8loopTaskPv+0x8): undefined reference to `loop()'
loop() function in your source code. Open main.cpp or your .ino source code file and start with the following (empty) loop() function which does nothing:void loop() {
// Nothing to do here since HTTPServer
// is running in a separate thread
delay(1000);
}void loop() { /* ... */} function to your sourcecode try to build/upload again and the error message should have disappeared.void loop() {
// Nothing to do here since HTTPServer
// is running in a separate thread
Serial.println("Hello world!");
delay(1000);
}
Typically, when you want to use the pio executable from PlatformIO, you need to first activate the virtual environment using
source ~/.platformio/penv/bin/activate
However, you can easily create a shortcut using a shell alias using:
For bash:
echo -e '\nalias platformio="source ~/.platformio/penv/bin/activate"\n' >> ~/.bashrc
For zsh:
echo -e '\nalias platformio="source ~/.platformio/penv/bin/activate"\n' >> ~/.zshrc
Note that in order for the change to take effect, you need to restart your shell (or open a new shell).
Now you can use run
platformio
and you’ll immediately have access to pio and other PlatformIO tools.
You can create a new PlatformIO project on the command line by running e.g.
pio project init --board esp32dev --ide vscode --sample-code
Note that all options (--board and --ide) are optional. Without --sample-code, PlatformIO will not automatically generate src/main.cpp
This will initialize a new PlatformIO project in the current directory.
By default, PlatformIO uses -std=gnu++11 as a compiler flag but you want to use C++17 or C++23 features.
If you just use
build_flags = -std=gnu++17
this will lead to g++ being called with g++ ... -std=gnu++17 ... -std=gnu++11 ... compiler flags. The latter one – gnu++11 i.e. C++11 will take precedence.
In order to activate C++17, use
build_flags = -std=gnu++17 build_unflags = -std=gnu++11
In order to activate C++23 (not fully implemented yet in G++), you currently need to use -std=gnu++2a:
build_flags = -std=gnu++2a build_unflags = -std=gnu++11
When you try to run a LVGL example such as ST7735R minimal LVGL chart example for PlatformIO on the ESP32, your MCU repeatedly crashes after init (see below for the full crash log) during lv_tlsf_create() which is called inside lv_mem_init()
This crash occurs due to one of the LVGL-related libraries using ps_malloc(), trying to allocate the memory from the external PSRAM chip – which your board does not have (and typically does not need)
In order to fix it, first add the following line to your platformio.ini:
build_flags = -DLV_CONF_INCLUDE_SIMPLE -DLV_CONF_SUPPRESS_DEFINE_CHECK
Now, create a new file include/lv_conf.h which we will use to override the default . This is based on How to use custom LVGL lv_conf.h with Adafruit LittlevGL Glue Library on PlatformIO.
Paste the following content into include/lv_conf.h
/**
* @file lv_conf.h
* Configuration file for v8.0.2
*/
/*
* COPY THIS FILE AS `lv_conf.h` NEXT TO the `lvgl` FOLDER
*/
#if 1 /*Set it to "1" to enable content*/
#ifndef LV_CONF_H
#define LV_CONF_H
/*clang-format off*/
#include <stdint.h>
/*====================
COLOR SETTINGS
*====================*/
/*Color depth: 1 (1 byte per pixel), 8 (RGB332), 16 (RGB565), 32 (ARGB8888)*/
#define LV_COLOR_DEPTH 16
/* Swap the 2 bytes of RGB565 color.
* Useful if the display has a 8 bit interface (e.g. SPI)*/
#if defined(ADAFRUIT_PYPORTAL)
#define LV_COLOR_16_SWAP 1
#else
#define LV_COLOR_16_SWAP 0
#endif
/*Enable more complex drawing routines to manage screens transparency.
*Can be used if the UI is above another layer, e.g. an OSD menu or video
*player.
*Requires `LV_COLOR_DEPTH = 32` colors and the screen's `bg_opa` should be set
*to non LV_OPA_COVER value*/
#define LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP 0
/*Images pixels with this color will not be drawn if they are chroma keyed)*/
#define LV_COLOR_CHROMA_KEY lv_color_hex(0x00ff00) /*pure green*/
/*=========================
MEMORY SETTINGS
*=========================*/
/*1: use custom malloc/free, 0: use the built-in `lv_mem_alloc()` and
* `lv_mem_free()`*/
#define LV_MEM_CUSTOM 0
#if LV_MEM_CUSTOM == 0
/*Size of the memory available for `lv_mem_alloc()` in bytes (>= 2kB)*/
#define LV_MEM_SIZE (32U * 1024U) /*[bytes]*/
/*Set an address for the memory pool instead of allocating it as a normal array.
* Can be in external SRAM too.*/
#define LV_MEM_ADR 0 /*0: unused*/
// For ESP32, give a memory pool allocator and use the PSRAM instead of flash
#ifdef ESP32
#if LV_MEM_ADR == 0
#define LV_MEM_POOL_INCLUDE <stdlib.h>
#define LV_MEM_POOL_ALLOC malloc
#endif
#endif
#else /*LV_MEM_CUSTOM*/
#define LV_MEM_CUSTOM_INCLUDE \
<stdlib.h> /*Header for the dynamic memory function*/
#define LV_MEM_CUSTOM_ALLOC malloc
#define LV_MEM_CUSTOM_FREE free
#define LV_MEM_CUSTOM_REALLOC realloc
#endif /*LV_MEM_CUSTOM*/
/*Use the standard `memcpy` and `memset` instead of LVGL's own functions. (Might
* or might not be faster).*/
#define LV_MEMCPY_MEMSET_STD 0
/*====================
HAL SETTINGS
*====================*/
/*Default display refresh period. LVG will redraw changed ares with this period
* time*/
#define LV_DISP_DEF_REFR_PERIOD 30 /*[ms]*/
/*Input device read period in milliseconds*/
#define LV_INDEV_DEF_READ_PERIOD 30 /*[ms]*/
/*Use a custom tick source that tells the elapsed time in milliseconds.
*It removes the need to manually update the tick with `lv_tick_inc()`)*/
#define LV_TICK_CUSTOM 0
#if LV_TICK_CUSTOM
#define LV_TICK_CUSTOM_INCLUDE \
"Arduino.h" /*Header for the system time function*/
#define LV_TICK_CUSTOM_SYS_TIME_EXPR \
(millis()) /*Expression evaluating to current system time in ms*/
#endif /*LV_TICK_CUSTOM*/
/*Default Dot Per Inch. Used to initialize default sizes such as widgets sized,
*style paddings. (Not so important, you can adjust it to modify default sizes
*and spaces)*/
#define LV_DPI_DEF 130 /*[px/inch]*/
/*=======================
* FEATURE CONFIGURATION
*=======================*/
/*-------------
* Drawing
*-----------*/
/*Enable complex draw engine.
*Required to draw shadow, gradient, rounded corners, circles, arc, skew lines,
*image transformations or any masks*/
#define LV_DRAW_COMPLEX 1
#if LV_DRAW_COMPLEX != 0
/*Allow buffering some shadow calculation.
*LV_SHADOW_CACHE_SIZE is the max. shadow size to buffer, where shadow size is
*`shadow_width + radius` Caching has LV_SHADOW_CACHE_SIZE^2 RAM cost*/
#define LV_SHADOW_CACHE_SIZE 0
#endif /*LV_DRAW_COMPLEX*/
/*Default image cache size. Image caching keeps the images opened.
*If only the built-in image formats are used there is no real advantage of
*caching. (I.e. if no new image decoder is added) With complex image decoders
*(e.g. PNG or JPG) caching can save the continuous open/decode of images.
*However the opened images might consume additional RAM.
*0: to disable caching*/
#define LV_IMG_CACHE_DEF_SIZE 0
/*Maximum buffer size to allocate for rotation. Only used if software rotation
* is enabled in the display driver.*/
#define LV_DISP_ROT_MAX_BUF (10 * 1024)
/*-------------
* GPU
*-----------*/
/*Use STM32's DMA2D (aka Chrom Art) GPU*/
#define LV_USE_GPU_STM32_DMA2D 0
#if LV_USE_GPU_STM32_DMA2D
/*Must be defined to include path of CMSIS header of target processor
e.g. "stm32f769xx.h" or "stm32f429xx.h"*/
#define LV_GPU_DMA2D_CMSIS_INCLUDE
#endif
/*Use NXP's PXP GPU iMX RTxxx platforms*/
#define LV_USE_GPU_NXP_PXP 0
#if LV_USE_GPU_NXP_PXP
/*1: Add default bare metal and FreeRTOS interrupt handling routines for PXP
*(lv_gpu_nxp_pxp_osa.c) and call lv_gpu_nxp_pxp_init() automatically during
*lv_init(). Note that symbol SDK_OS_FREE_RTOS has to be defined in order to use
*FreeRTOS OSA, otherwise bare-metal implementation is selected. 0:
*lv_gpu_nxp_pxp_init() has to be called manually before lv_init()
*/
#define LV_USE_GPU_NXP_PXP_AUTO_INIT 0
#endif
/*Use NXP's VG-Lite GPU iMX RTxxx platforms*/
#define LV_USE_GPU_NXP_VG_LITE 0
/*-------------
* Logging
*-----------*/
/*Enable the log module*/
#define LV_USE_LOG 1
#if LV_USE_LOG
/*How important log should be added:
*LV_LOG_LEVEL_TRACE A lot of logs to give detailed information
*LV_LOG_LEVEL_INFO Log important events
*LV_LOG_LEVEL_WARN Log if something unwanted happened but didn't cause a
*problem LV_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR Only critical issue, when the system may fail
*LV_LOG_LEVEL_USER Only logs added by the user
*LV_LOG_LEVEL_NONE Do not log anything*/
#define LV_LOG_LEVEL LV_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
/*1: Print the log with 'printf';
*0: User need to register a callback with `lv_log_register_print_cb()`*/
#define LV_LOG_PRINTF 0
/*Enable/disable LV_LOG_TRACE in modules that produces a huge number of logs*/
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_MEM 1
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_TIMER 1
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_INDEV 1
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_DISP_REFR 1
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_EVENT 1
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_OBJ_CREATE 1
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_LAYOUT 1
#define LV_LOG_TRACE_ANIM 1
#endif /*LV_USE_LOG*/
/*-------------
* Asserts
*-----------*/
/*Enable asserts if an operation is failed or an invalid data is found.
*If LV_USE_LOG is enabled an error message will be printed on failure*/
#define LV_USE_ASSERT_NULL \
1 /*Check if the parameter is NULL. (Very fast, recommended)*/
#define LV_USE_ASSERT_MALLOC \
1 /*Checks is the memory is successfully allocated or no. (Very fast, \
recommended)*/
#define LV_USE_ASSERT_STYLE \
0 /*Check if the styles are properly initialized. (Very fast, recommended)*/
#define LV_USE_ASSERT_MEM_INTEGRITY \
0 /*Check the integrity of `lv_mem` after critical operations. (Slow)*/
#define LV_USE_ASSERT_OBJ \
0 /*Check the object's type and existence (e.g. not deleted). (Slow)*/
/*Add a custom handler when assert happens e.g. to restart the MCU*/
#define LV_ASSERT_HANDLER_INCLUDE <stdint.h>
#define LV_ASSERT_HANDLER \
while (1) \
; /*Halt by default*/
/*-------------
* Others
*-----------*/
/*1: Show CPU usage and FPS count in the right bottom corner*/
#define LV_USE_PERF_MONITOR 0
/*1: Show the used memory and the memory fragmentation in the left bottom
* corner Requires LV_MEM_CUSTOM = 0*/
#define LV_USE_MEM_MONITOR 0
/*1: Draw random colored rectangles over the redrawn areas*/
#define LV_USE_REFR_DEBUG 0
/*Change the built in (v)snprintf functions*/
#define LV_SPRINTF_CUSTOM 0
#if LV_SPRINTF_CUSTOM
#define LV_SPRINTF_INCLUDE <stdio.h>
#define lv_snprintf snprintf
#define lv_vsnprintf vsnprintf
#else /*LV_SPRINTF_CUSTOM*/
#define LV_SPRINTF_USE_FLOAT 0
#endif /*LV_SPRINTF_CUSTOM*/
#define LV_USE_USER_DATA 1
/*Garbage Collector settings
*Used if lvgl is binded to higher level language and the memory is managed by
*that language*/
#define LV_ENABLE_GC 0
#if LV_ENABLE_GC != 0
#define LV_GC_INCLUDE "gc.h" /*Include Garbage Collector related things*/
#endif /*LV_ENABLE_GC*/
/*=====================
* COMPILER SETTINGS
*====================*/
/*For big endian systems set to 1*/
#define LV_BIG_ENDIAN_SYSTEM 0
/*Define a custom attribute to `lv_tick_inc` function*/
#ifdef ESP32
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_TICK_INC IRAM_ATTR
#else
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_TICK_INC
#endif
/*Define a custom attribute to `lv_timer_handler` function*/
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_TIMER_HANDLER
/*Define a custom attribute to `lv_disp_flush_ready` function*/
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_FLUSH_READY
/*Required alignment size for buffers*/
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_MEM_ALIGN_SIZE
/*Will be added where memories needs to be aligned (with -Os data might not be
* aligned to boundary by default). E.g. __attribute__((aligned(4)))*/
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_MEM_ALIGN
/*Attribute to mark large constant arrays for example font's bitmaps*/
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_LARGE_CONST
/*Complier prefix for a big array declaration in RAM*/
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_LARGE_RAM_ARRAY
/*Place performance critical functions into a faster memory (e.g RAM)*/
#ifdef ESP32
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_FAST_MEM IRAM_ATTR
#else
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_FAST_MEM
#endif
/*Prefix variables that are used in GPU accelerated operations, often these need
* to be placed in RAM sections that are DMA accessible*/
#define LV_ATTRIBUTE_DMA
/*Export integer constant to binding. This macro is used with constants in the
*form of LV_<CONST> that should also appear on LVGL binding API such as
*Micropython.*/
#define LV_EXPORT_CONST_INT(int_value) \
struct _silence_gcc_warning /*The default value just prevents GCC warning*/
/*Extend the default -32k..32k coordinate range to -4M..4M by using int32_t for
* coordinates instead of int16_t*/
#define LV_USE_LARGE_COORD 0
/*==================
* FONT USAGE
*===================*/
/*Montserrat fonts with ASCII range and some symbols using bpp = 4
*https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Montserrat*/
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_8 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_10 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_12 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14 1
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_16 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_18 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_20 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_22 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_24 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_26 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_28 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_30 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_32 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_34 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_36 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_38 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_40 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_42 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_44 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_46 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_48 0
/*Demonstrate special features*/
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_12_SUBPX 0
#define LV_FONT_MONTSERRAT_28_COMPRESSED 0 /*bpp = 3*/
#define LV_FONT_DEJAVU_16_PERSIAN_HEBREW \
0 /*Hebrew, Arabic, Perisan letters and all their forms*/
#define LV_FONT_SIMSUN_16_CJK 0 /*1000 most common CJK radicals*/
/*Pixel perfect monospace fonts*/
#define LV_FONT_UNSCII_8 0
#define LV_FONT_UNSCII_16 0
/*Optionally declare custom fonts here.
*You can use these fonts as default font too and they will be available
*globally. E.g. #define LV_FONT_CUSTOM_DECLARE LV_FONT_DECLARE(my_font_1)
*LV_FONT_DECLARE(my_font_2)*/
#define LV_FONT_CUSTOM_DECLARE
/*Always set a default font*/
#define LV_FONT_DEFAULT &lv_font_montserrat_14
/*Enable handling large font and/or fonts with a lot of characters.
*The limit depends on the font size, font face and bpp.
*Compiler error will be triggered if a font needs it.*/
#define LV_FONT_FMT_TXT_LARGE 0
/*Enables/disables support for compressed fonts.*/
#define LV_USE_FONT_COMPRESSED 0
/*Enable subpixel rendering*/
#define LV_USE_FONT_SUBPX 0
#if LV_USE_FONT_SUBPX
/*Set the pixel order of the display. Physical order of RGB channels. Doesn't
* matter with "normal" fonts.*/
#define LV_FONT_SUBPX_BGR 0 /*0: RGB; 1:BGR order*/
#endif
/*=================
* TEXT SETTINGS
*=================*/
/**
* Select a character encoding for strings.
* Your IDE or editor should have the same character encoding
* - LV_TXT_ENC_UTF8
* - LV_TXT_ENC_ASCII
*/
#define LV_TXT_ENC LV_TXT_ENC_UTF8
/*Can break (wrap) texts on these chars*/
#define LV_TXT_BREAK_CHARS " ,.;:-_"
/*If a word is at least this long, will break wherever "prettiest"
*To disable, set to a value <= 0*/
#define LV_TXT_LINE_BREAK_LONG_LEN 0
/*Minimum number of characters in a long word to put on a line before a break.
*Depends on LV_TXT_LINE_BREAK_LONG_LEN.*/
#define LV_TXT_LINE_BREAK_LONG_PRE_MIN_LEN 3
/*Minimum number of characters in a long word to put on a line after a break.
*Depends on LV_TXT_LINE_BREAK_LONG_LEN.*/
#define LV_TXT_LINE_BREAK_LONG_POST_MIN_LEN 3
/*The control character to use for signalling text recoloring.*/
#define LV_TXT_COLOR_CMD "#"
/*Support bidirectional texts. Allows mixing Left-to-Right and Right-to-Left
*texts. The direction will be processed according to the Unicode Bidirectioanl
*Algorithm:
*https://www.w3.org/International/articles/inline-bidi-markup/uba-basics*/
#define LV_USE_BIDI 0
#if LV_USE_BIDI
/*Set the default direction. Supported values:
*`LV_BASE_DIR_LTR` Left-to-Right
*`LV_BASE_DIR_RTL` Right-to-Left
*`LV_BASE_DIR_AUTO` detect texts base direction*/
#define LV_BIDI_BASE_DIR_DEF LV_BASE_DIR_AUTO
#endif
/*Enable Arabic/Persian processing
*In these languages characters should be replaced with an other form based on
*their position in the text*/
#define LV_USE_ARABIC_PERSIAN_CHARS 0
/*==================
* WIDGET USAGE
*================*/
/*Documentation of the widgets:
* https://docs.lvgl.io/latest/en/html/widgets/index.html*/
#define LV_USE_ARC 1
#define LV_USE_ANIMIMG 1
#define LV_USE_BAR 1
#define LV_USE_BTN 1
#define LV_USE_BTNMATRIX 1
#define LV_USE_CANVAS 1
#define LV_USE_CHECKBOX 1
#define LV_USE_DROPDOWN 1 /*Requires: lv_label*/
#define LV_USE_IMG 1 /*Requires: lv_label*/
#define LV_USE_LABEL 1
#if LV_USE_LABEL
#define LV_LABEL_TEXT_SELECTION 1 /*Enable selecting text of the label*/
#define LV_LABEL_LONG_TXT_HINT \
1 /*Store some extra info in labels to speed up drawing of very long texts*/
#endif
#define LV_USE_LINE 1
#define LV_USE_ROLLER 1 /*Requires: lv_label*/
#if LV_USE_ROLLER
#define LV_ROLLER_INF_PAGES \
7 /*Number of extra "pages" when the roller is infinite*/
#endif
#define LV_USE_SLIDER 1 /*Requires: lv_bar*/
#define LV_USE_SWITCH 1
#define LV_USE_TEXTAREA 1 /*Requires: lv_label*/
#if LV_USE_TEXTAREA != 0
#define LV_TEXTAREA_DEF_PWD_SHOW_TIME 1500 /*ms*/
#endif
#define LV_USE_TABLE 1
/*==================
* EXTRA COMPONENTS
*==================*/
/*-----------
* Widgets
*----------*/
#define LV_USE_CALENDAR 1
#if LV_USE_CALENDAR
#define LV_CALENDAR_WEEK_STARTS_MONDAY 0
#if LV_CALENDAR_WEEK_STARTS_MONDAY
#define LV_CALENDAR_DEFAULT_DAY_NAMES \
{ "Mo", "Tu", "We", "Th", "Fr", "Sa", "Su" }
#else
#define LV_CALENDAR_DEFAULT_DAY_NAMES \
{ "Su", "Mo", "Tu", "We", "Th", "Fr", "Sa" }
#endif
#define LV_CALENDAR_DEFAULT_MONTH_NAMES \
{ \
"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", \
"September", "October", "November", "December" \
}
#define LV_USE_CALENDAR_HEADER_ARROW 1
#define LV_USE_CALENDAR_HEADER_DROPDOWN 1
#endif /*LV_USE_CALENDAR*/
#define LV_USE_CHART 1
#define LV_USE_COLORWHEEL 1
#define LV_USE_IMGBTN 1
#define LV_USE_KEYBOARD 1
#define LV_USE_LED 1
#define LV_USE_LIST 1
#define LV_USE_METER 1
#define LV_USE_MSGBOX 1
#define LV_USE_SPINBOX 1
#define LV_USE_SPINNER 1
#define LV_USE_TABVIEW 1
#define LV_USE_TILEVIEW 1
#define LV_USE_WIN 1
#define LV_USE_SPAN 1
#if LV_USE_SPAN
/*A line text can contain maximum num of span descriptor */
#define LV_SPAN_SNIPPET_STACK_SIZE 64
#endif
/*-----------
* Themes
*----------*/
/*A simple, impressive and very complete theme*/
#define LV_USE_THEME_DEFAULT 1
#if LV_USE_THEME_DEFAULT
/*0: Light mode; 1: Dark mode*/
#define LV_THEME_DEFAULT_DARK 0
/*1: Enable grow on press*/
#define LV_THEME_DEFAULT_GROW 1
/*Default transition time in [ms]*/
#define LV_THEME_DEFAULT_TRANSITON_TIME 80
#endif /*LV_USE_THEME_DEFAULT*/
/*An very simple them that is a good starting point for a custom theme*/
#define LV_USE_THEME_BASIC 1
/*A theme designed for monochrome displays*/
#define LV_USE_THEME_MONO 1
/*-----------
* Layouts
*----------*/
/*A layout similar to Flexbox in CSS.*/
#define LV_USE_FLEX 1
/*A layout similar to Grid in CSS.*/
#define LV_USE_GRID 1
/*==================
* EXAMPLES
*==================*/
/*Enable the examples to be built with the library*/
#define LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES 1
/*--END OF LV_CONF_H--*/
#endif /*LV_CONF_H*/
#endif /*End of "Content enable"*/
and now retry uploading your program.
void lv_mem_init(void)
{
// ...
tlsf = lv_tlsf_create_with_pool((void *)LV_MEM_POOL_ALLOC(LV_MEM_SIZE), LV_MEM_SIZE);
// ...
}with LV_MEM_POOL_ALLOC(LV_MEM_SIZE), by default, expanding to ps_malloc – in other words, your ESP32 will try to allocate it from the PSRAM.
We fixed this by defining, in our custom lv_conf.h, the following:
#define LV_MEM_POOL_INCLUDE <stdlib.h> #define LV_MEM_POOL_ALLOC malloc
instead of the default
#define LV_MEM_POOL_INCLUDE <esp32-hal-psram.h> #define LV_MEM_POOL_ALLOC ps_malloc
The compiler flags are required to fix issues relating to LVGL expecting lv_conf.h to be at a specific location.
(gdb) i sym 0x400dedf0 lv_tlsf_create + 36 in section .flash.text (gdb) i sym 0x400d4ce3 lv_init + 43 in section .flash.text (gdb) i sym 0x400f4506 Adafruit_LvGL_Glue::begin(Adafruit_SPITFT*, void*, bool) + 6 in section .flash.text
Rebooting... ets Jun 8 2016 00:22:57 rst:0xc (SW_CPU_RESET),boot:0x13 (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT) configsip: 0, SPIWP:0xee clk_drv:0x00,q_drv:0x00,d_drv:0x00,cs0_drv:0x00,hd_drv:0x00,wp_drv:0x00 mode:DIO, clock div:2 load:0x3fff0030,len:1184 load:0x40078000,len:13192 load:0x40080400,len:3028 entry 0x400805e4 Guru Meditation Error: Core 1 panic'ed (StoreProhibited). Exception was unhandled. Core 1 register dump: PC : 0x400dedfb PS : 0x00060830 A0 : 0x800dee25 A1 : 0x3ffb2180 A2 : 0x00000000 A3 : 0x00000000 A4 : 0x0000001b A5 : 0x00060e23 A6 : 0x007bf388 A7 : 0x003fffff A8 : 0x00000000 A9 : 0x00000000 A10 : 0x00000480 A11 : 0x00000000 A12 : 0x0000000e A13 : 0x3ffbcc50 A14 : 0x00000003 A15 : 0x00060023 SAR : 0x00000005 EXCCAUSE: 0x0000001d EXCVADDR: 0x00000008 LBEG : 0x40089691 LEND : 0x400896a1 LCOUNT : 0xfffffff5 Backtrace: 0x400dedf8:0x3ffb2180 0x400dee22:0x3ffb21a0 0x400dd607:0x3ffb21c0 0x400d4ceb:0x3ffb21e0 0x400f450e:0x3ffb2200 0x400f462b:0x3ffb2250 0x400d23f9:0x3ffb2270 0x400f54a2:0x3ffb2290
If you use PlatformIO with the Adafruit LittlevGL Glue Library as we did in our LVGL examples such as Adafruit ST7735R display minimal LVGL example for PlatformIO, lv_conf.h comes with the Adafruit LittlevGL Glue Library, hence any changes to lv_conf.h would not be permanent as they would be overwritten when the library inside the .pio folder is re-installed.
The original config file is located at
.pio/libdeps/esp32dev/Adafruit LittlevGL Glue Library/lv_conf.h
(esp32dev is the environment name in your platformio.ini and hence might be different in your configuration)
lv_conf.hLuckily, PlatformIO configures the project’s include directory to have precedence over other folders, including the library dependencies located in .pio.
In other words, you simply have to create a file called lv_conf.h in your project’s include directory and PlatformIO will handle the rest for you.
Typically, just copy the content from the original lv_conf.h to get started and then make your modifications.
Furthermore, to suppress some internal errors, you need to add the following #defines/compiler flags to your platformio.ini:
build_flags = -DLV_CONF_INCLUDE_SIMPLE -DLV_CONF_SUPPRESS_DEFINE_CHECK
When trying to open PlatformIO in Visual Studio Code, you see the following error message:
PlatformIO: Can not find working Python 3.6+ Interpreter. Please install the latest Python 3 and restart VSCode
even though you have Python3 already installed.
The issue here is not that PlatformIO can’t find Python 3, it is that you don’t have venv (virtual environments) installed for your Python version!
On Ubuntu/Debian, you can install it using
sudo apt -y install python3-venv
Alternatively you can install it using pip:
pip install virtualenv
In order to add compiler flags to your PlatformIO project, add the following line to your build config(s) in platformio.ini:
build_flags = -std=gnu++17
You can also use multiple lines:
build_flags =
-std=gnu++17
-ffast-math
platformio.ini example:[env:d1_mini] platform = espressif8266 board = d1_mini framework = arduino monitor_speed = 115200 build_flags = -std=gnu++17